Textile oil



2,810,694 Patented Oct. 2 2, 1957 TE TILE L Donald H. McLean, Westfield, N. 1., and Peter J. Way,

Oxford, England, assignors to Esso Research and Engineering Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application October 1954, Serial No. 461,914

Claims priority, application Great Britain November 25, 1949 8 Claims. (Cl. 2528.8)

The present invention relates to textile oils and, more particularly, to emulsifiable textile oils which afford effective lubrication for weaving yarns, and the like, and which can be readily removed by ordinary scouring operations without injury to the textile material,

In the past, textile oils have commonly included animal or vegetable fatty oils. For example, olive oil is a very satisfactory textile oil, but is expensive and liable to become rancid in use. Mineral oils appear ideal for textile use from the point of view of expense, but suffer from the major disadvantage that they are difficult to Wash or scour out of the finished fabric. Ordinarily, it is desirable that the residual oil, which remains in a textile material, e. g., after scouring with soap and soda ash, should not exceed about /2% by weight of the finished fabric, or in other words, that about 90% or more of the oil used on the yarn should be removed in the scouring Many different proposals have been put forward to facilitate the use of mineral oils for textile lubrication. The most general method is to incorporate a suitable emulsifying agent or agents in the oil and to use it in the form of an aqueous emulsionwher eby there is obtained more even distribution of the oil on the wool and easier scouring.

Many difierent emulsifying or dispersing agents have been proposed for use in such mineral oil base textile oils. These include sulfonated materials, such as sulfonated lard oil or petroleum sulfonates in small amounts, sodium or potassium soaps, such as the oleates, and wide variety of synthetic detergents, esters polyhydric alcohols, and the like.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved mineral oil base textile oil which is easy to prepare from readily available materials to form a novel composition. When using the preferred ingredients within a carefully controlled range of proportions, this novel textile oil has outstanding emulsification and scouring properties.

Broadly speaking, the textile oil of the present inven:

tion comprises a mineral base oil of suitable characteristics, having incorporated therein a minor proportion of two non-ionic type detergents, one of thetypecomprising polyoxyalkyleue derivatives of .alkylated phenols, and the other of the type comprising polyoxyalkylene derivatives of aliphatic acids or alcohols. i

In both cases, polyoxyethylene derivatives are preferred, detergents of this type being readilyavailableand prepared by condensing the alkyl phenol, ,acid or alcohol with ethylene oxide in the appropriate proportions,

The phenolic detergent may thus be represented by the general formula:

R1 where x is an integer from 5 to 30 and preferably in the region of 7-9, and at least one R is alkyl, any non-alkyl R being hydrogen, and the number of alkyl carbon atoms attached to the nucleus is between 4 and 20, preferably 8 to 12. This may be used in an amount offrom A to 10%, preferably 3 to 10%, based on the total composition. The alkyl groups R1, R2, R3 may all be similar, if desired, e. g., isobutyl groups, or ethyl, propyl, amyl, etc. In preferred compositions, at least one of them is Cs or at least two of them are C4.

The aliphatic detergent is preferably an acid derivative but it may be of alcohol derivation and may be defined by the general formula:

RY- CH2..CH2,O n-CH2CH2OH where R is a saturated or unsaturated C10 to C30 aliphatic acid residue, Y is COO or O, and n is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably being about 1 to 3. Where this aliphatic detergent is derived from an acid, oleic acid is preferred. In this case, the formula becomes The corresponding alcohol derivatives which may be used also are represented by the formula:

RO-( CH2CH2-0 nCH2 CHzOH where R and n have the same significance as previously. This material is preferably used in an amount of from /2 to 15%, preferably 8 to 14%, based on the total composition.

Within the ranges of proportions given, common sense will dictate reasonable upper and lower limits for the amounts of the two detergents to be used, and, in general, the combined detergents will make up from 4 to 20%, preferably about 12 to 20%, of the total compo.- sition. Smaller amounts will be found effective to a degree, but commercially unattractive, while larger amounts will increase the cost of the product to an extent not commensurate with the improved performance gained. Any suitable mineral oil base may be used, e. g., one having a viscosity of from about to 500 Saybolt Universal seconds at F. The preferred oil is a paraffinic oil having a flash point of about 340 F. and a viscosity at 100 F. of about 100 S. U. S. i

Textile oils made up in the form of a mineral oil blend of the detergents ofthe type specified have very good emulsion stability and scouring characteristics. They readily form stable emulsions with water and such emulsions are conveniently applicable to wool. They are readily removed by conventional scouring techniques.

The detergents may be assisted into solution in the oil by the addition of a small amount of water", e. g., /2 t0 3%, based on the total composition, this Water also serving as a stabilizer for the blend.

At higher ambient temperatures, or on prolonged storage, a tendency for the detergents to precipitate to some extent has been noted. This is not serious and the solution can easily be restored by agitation. Commercially, however, the attractiveness of the product is enhanced by visual storage stability and for this reason it is preferred to add a small amount of a stabilizer to the detergent-oil blend.

A wide variety of materials may be used as stabilizers. For example, C5 to C30 aliphatic or cycloaliphatic acids or alcohols, preferably oleic acid, may be used in amounts of the order of /2 to 2%. Alternatively, mahogany sulfonates, e. g., of sodium or calcium or other suitable metals, may be used in the same sort of proportions. These have the advantage that they serve to some extent to ofiset the slight tendency to corrosiveness to metal (or possibly more accurately lack of anti-corrosive or rustpreventive properties) which is frequently encountered in the oil-in-water emulsions formed by textile oils of this type. Other additives which show good stabilizing properties in the presence of small amounts of water, with or without oleic or other fatty acid, are pentaerythritol monooleate or dioleate, triethanolamine or triethanolamine oleate, tall oil, naphthenic acids, the polyoxy ethylene derivatives of oleates of dehydrated hexitols, such as sorbitan and lanoline which may be used in small amounts of, say, about 0.05 to 1% by weight of total composition.

The invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples and experimental data.

EXAMPLE I As an illustration of a composition made up according to the invention, a blend was prepared as described below. In this blend the Lissapol NX is a proprietary alkyl phenol type detergent of the type set forth above and the Estax 36 is an aliphatic type detergent based on oleic acid condensed with polyethylene oxide. More specifically, Lissapol NX is a condensation product of 1 mol octyl cresol with approximately 9 mols of ethylene oxide and Estax 36 has the average composition of triethylene glycol monooleate.

The composition was as follows, all percentages being by weight:

Weight percent Mineral base lubricating oil (vis. about 100 S. S. U.

at 100 F.) 85.75 Lissapol NX 3.5 Estax 36 8.0 Water 2.0 Oleic acid 0.75

The composition was clear and homogeneous and did not separate on prolonged standing. It emulsified readily with water to give good quality emulsions of outstanding stability. To assess its scouring properties, a comparative test was run, using a commercially available emulsifying textile oil as a standard of comparison. In the test, a sample of wool containing 4% of the oil blend was scoured for 20 minutes at 3040 C. in an excess of water containing 0.5% soda ash with or without the addition of 1% of various proprietary detergents. After the scouring, the wool was removed and the percentage by weight of residual oil measured. The results of seven tests are set out in tabular form below:

Percent residual oil 1 Proprietary onionic detergent of the alkyl sulfate type. 2 Standard soda base wool soap.

EXAMPLE II A textile oil blend in accordance with the invention was prepared having the following composition:

Weight Component Percent Minera Base Lubricating on (Vis. about 100 s. s. U. at

This oil had excellent storage and emulsion stability and satisfactory scourability, comparable to those of the oil of Example 1.

EXAMPLE III Corrosion tests on the oils of the above examples, particularly that of Example II, indicated slight staining of mild steel when immersed in the oil or slight rusting at the air/liquid interface when semi-immersed in 10% emulsion of the oil in tap water. Since particularly this latter effect is indicative of possible side effects in certain cases T when using the oil as an aqueous emulsion, experiments were conducted to eliminate this effect.

Several inhibitors, such as zinc naphthenate, sodium petroleum sulfonate and triethanolamine were tried in varying proportions. However, only triethanolamine combined the desirable characteristics of corrosion inhibition and activity as a blend and emulsion stabilizer to a satisfactory degree. The following formulation was found to be non-corrosive, of adequate blend and emulsion stability and good scourability.

- Weight percent Mineral base lubricating oil (vis. about 100 S. S.

U. at 100 F.) 83.925 Lissapol NX 4.25 Estax 36 8.75

V Oleic acid 0.75 Water 2.25

Triethanolamine 0.075

EXAMPLE IV Further experimental work demonstrated that scourability of the oils of the invention is the better the higher the emulsifier content within the rangesspecified above. Particularly good results were obtained when the two emulsifiers of the invention totalled about 20% by weight of the composition. Other ingredients, particularly oleic acid and triethanolamine were adjusted to control corrosiveness and blend and emulsion stability. Three blends so prepared (A, B and C) were compared for scourability with the oil of Example III (B) and two commercial textile oils T1 and T2.

The scouring tests were carried out as follows. The wool sample was cleansed of grease and oil by extraction with diethyl ether for 4 hours in a Soxhlet apparatus. The oil to be tested was applied to the Wool in 50 ml. of a solution of 10 ml. of ethyl alcohol and 40 ml. of diethyl ether. The sample was then allowed to age at room temperature for 24 hours. Some 96 m1. of scouring liquor were added to the bath and the sample was scoured therein for 15 minutes, washed for 15 minutes with tap water,

2',ercre-en 5 dried at 60 C. for 24 hours and tested for residual oil by Soxhlet extraction with petroleum ether.

The composition of the oils and the test results were as follows:

used and in what proportions, depending upon their effect on emulsion stability, on the one hand, and their antirusting and anti-corrosion properties on the other.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our copend- Weight Percent 011 Designation Estax 36 "Lissapol NX--. Triton X 100 Triethanol amine Mineral Lubricating Oil (Vi Mineral Lubricating Oil (Vls. Mineral Lubricating Oil (Vis. Sodium Sulfonates (50% Soap) Sodium Sulfonates (65% Soap) Diethylene Glycol Sorbitan Monooleate Polyoxyethylene Monooleat SCOUII Distilled Water..- 0. 74 0.38 1. 08 3. 1 'Iw. Soda Ash 1.60 0.62 1. 02 2. 2 TW. Soda Ash 1. 53 0.51 0. 81 2.05 0. 4 TW. Soda Ash 1. 31 0. 44 0.76 1.64 6 TW. Soda Ash l. 06 0. 45 0. 73 1. 25 0. 8 TW. Soda ASh 0. 98 0. 46 0. 56 1. 58

1 Initial application 15 wt. percent.

The superiority of the textile oil blends of the invention over the commercial oil with respect to scourability in alkaline scouring bath is evident.

A comparison of the wetting power of the oils described in this example likewise demonstrates the superiority of the oils of the invention. The following results giving the sinking times of standard discs of wool in 1.0% oil/water emulsions illustrate this fact.

Sinking Time, Seconds EXAMPLE V The following additional tests will further demonstrate the synergistic effect of the two types of emulsifiers combined in accordance with the present invention. Three textile oil blends E, F and G were prepared having the When tested for emulsion stability the emulsions produced with blends F and G separated into an aqueous and an oleaginous phase within a time of one hour. The emulsion formed with blend E, on the other hand, remained substantially unchanged for 24 hours.

In general, the stabilizing additives employed in the above examples can be used singly or mixed with each other, but common sense will determine which are to be ing application, Serial No. 162,396, filed May 16, 1950, and now abandoned.

What is claimed is:

1. A textile oil composition of superior emulsion stability comprising a mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity within the range of about 80500 S. S. U. at 100 F., about 3 to 10 wt. percent of a monoalk'ylated phenolic material having the general formula:

where x is an integer of about 7 to 9 and R is an alkyl group of 8 to 12 carbon atoms, and about 8 to 14 wt. percent of an aliphatic material having the general formula:

wherein R is a C10 to C30 unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and n is an integer of about 1 to 3.

2. A composition as claimed in claim 1 which contains about 0.53% of water.

3. A composition as claimed in claim 1 which contains about 0.5-2% of oleic acid.

4. A composition as claimed in claim 1 which contains about 0.05-1 wt. percent of triethanolamine.

5. A textile oil composition consisting essentially of about 8.75 wt. percent of triethylene glycol monooleate, about 4.25 wt. percent of the condensation product of about 9 mols. of ethylene oxide with 1 mol. of octyl cresol, about 2.25 wt. percent of water, about 0.75 wt. percent of oleic acid and about 0.075 wt. percent of triethanolamine, the remainder being mineral lubricating oil.

6. A textile oil composition consisting essentially of about 13.5 Wt. percent of triethylene glycol monooleate, about 6.5 wt. percent of the condensation product of about 9 mols. of ethylene oxide with 1 mol. of octyl cresol, about 3.0 wt. percent of water, about 1.0 Wt. percent of oleic acid and about 0.1 wt. percent of triethanolamine, the remainder being mineral lubricating oil.

7. A textile oil composition consisting essentially of about 12.0 wt. percent of triethylene glycol monooleate.

about 8.0 wt. percent of the condensation product of about 9 mols. of ethylene oxide with 1 mol. of octyl cresol,

"7 about 3.0 wt. percent of water, about 0.5 'wt. percent of oleic acid and about 0.2 wt. percent of triethanolamine, the remainder beingmineral lubricating oil. 1 V f 8. A textile oil composition consisting essentially of mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity of about 80 to 500 S. S. U. at 100 F., about 3 to 10 Wt. percent of the condensation product of about one mole of octyl cresol with about 9 moles of ethylene oxide, about 810 14 wt. percent of triethylene glycol monooleate, about 0.5 to 3 .0

2,206,090. ,Haggenmacker July 2, 1940 8 wt. percent water, about 0.5 to 2.0 wt. percent oleic acid and about 0.05 to 1.0 wt. percent of triethanolamine.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS V Schoeller et a1 Aug. 21, 1934 

1. A TEXILE OIL COMPOSITION OF SUPERIOR EMULSION STABILITY COMPRISING A MINERAL LUBRICATING OIL HAVING A VISCOSITY WITHIN RANGE OF ABOUT 80-500 S. S. U. AT 100* F., ABOUT 3 TO 10 WT. PERCENT OF A MONOLAKYLATED PHENOLIC MATERIAL HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA: 